Chapter 11, 많이 드세요.

The post for Chapter 11 is not finished but the flashcards with all the vocabulary are!

Flashcards for Chapter 11, part 1

Flashcards for Chapter 11, part 2

What time did you get up?

The post relevant to Chapter 10 is not finished, but here are the flashcard sets...

Flashcards for Chapter 10, part 1

FLashcards for Chapter 10, part 2

Grammar Summary I

Given my highly unorganised notes and brain I need a post that compiles all the little grammar points that I have covered so far. To be continuously updated...

Interrogative pronouns

어디...? - Where?
    e.g.: 어디 가요? - Where are you going?
    Answer: 집에 가요. -  I am going home.


뭐...? - What?
    e.g.: 뭐예요? - Where is it?
    Answer: 사과예요. - It is an apple.


몇...? - How many...?
    e.g.: 몇 개 있어요?  - How many (items) are there?
            사과 몇 있어요? - How many apples are there?
    Answer: PK (counter) 있어요.
                    SK (counter) 있어요. (SK numbers used for some unit nouns)

    몇 시예요? - What time is it? (lit. How many hours...?)
    Answer: PK 시예요.
                    PK 시 SK 분이에요
Note: 몇 is always used in conjunction with a counter or unit noun. For more information on counters check here.

    몇 시간...? - For how long...? (lit. How many hours...?)
     e.g.: 하루에 몇 시간/번...? - How many hours/times a day do you...?
    Answer: 일곱 번 식사해요. - I have meals/eat seven times a day.
Note: here the difference between "몇 시...?" and "몇 시간...?" seems to be that the first seems (word repetition because I am really not sure) to be asking that time it is on the clock, exactly! "What hour is it (on the clock)?" or "How many hours/ what hour does (now) equate to?" rather than "How often (using hours or other unit of time) does something happen/ take place?" For the first the "copula" is used, for the second we use any other verb.

    오늘은 몇월며칠이에요? - What date is it today? (lit. How many months and days is it today?)
    Answer: 오늘은 (SK)팔월 (SK)십육일이에요. - Today is 17th of August.


언제...? - When...?
    e.g.: 한국어 수업이 언제 있어요? - When do you have Korean classes?    Answer:월요일하고 수요일에 있어요. - We have on Mondays and Wednesdays.


어느....? - Which/ what...?
    e.g.: 어느 나라에서 왔어요? - Which country are you from?
            어느 나라 사람이에요? - Which country is (the) person (from)?
    Answer: 호주에서 왔어요. - I am from Australia.
                   호주 사람이에요. - The person is Australian.
Note: this one is a tricky for me to make sense of because the second questions asks "which country is the person (equivalent to)?". I guess that the logic may be in the reply since the more literal translation "the person is (equivalent to that) country" also means "the person is country's (nationality)." Seems as if in Korean being an actual country and being a citizen of the said country does not carry the same distinction as in English and other European languages (at least the ones I am familiar with). The example also works with "어느 나라 말이에요? - Which country is the language (equivalent to)?" which generates the same answer as above.


어디....? - Where....?
    e.g.: 어디서 왔어요? - Where are you from?
            호주 어디서 왔어요? - Where from in Australia are you from?
    Answer: 시드니에서 왔어요. - I am from Sydney.

    e.g.: ....은/는 어디에 있어요? - Where is... located?
    Answer: 호주에 있어요. - It is (located) in Australia.
Note: could the country or place of origin (nationality) be asked this way? Instead of "어느 나라에서 왔어요?" could we have "어디에서 왔어요?" The main difference is that the nationality is not specifically mentioned, the person could be coming from the toilet, be from Australia or dreamland.




어때요? - How (is it)?


누구...? - Who...?


얼마예요? - How much is it/are they?
    e.g.: 사과 얼마예요? - How much are they apples?
            이거 얼마예요? - How much is this/are these?
    Answer: SK 원이에요.
                   PK/SK (counter)-에 SK 원어에요. - Per/each (counter) item it is (amount) won.

Adverbs

여기 - here

Demonstratives

이- - this
그- - that (near you)
저- - that (over there)
    -것/거 - thing (usually following the demonstrative)
    e.g.:이것 (or 이거) 뭐예요? - What is this (thing)?
           저거 우유예요. - That is milk.
  

Past tense

Note: This post is based on Chapter 10 of Shin's textbook (see resources section).

Let's talk about the past!

 The basic form of the past is:

VST-았/었/했어요

The rules of conjugation follow those used for the polite informal (-아요, -어요, -해요) in which the last vowel of the verb stem determines the ending to be used.

Examples:

 

with 았어요

어느 나라에서 왔어요? - Which country did you come from?

우리는 호주에 언제 갔어요? - When did we go to Australia?

    (I came up with this sentence but am clueless as to whether it is correct... most likely not.)

공원에서 놀았어요. - I played in the park.

with 었어요

이 책 읽었어요. - I read this book.

우유 다 마셨어요? - Did you drink all the milk?

지노씨는 우리 친구였어요? -  Jino was our friend.

with 했어요

한 시간 전에 식사했어요. - I ate (had a meal) one hour ago.

공부했어요? - Did you study?

Coffee culture in Korea. Fancy a cup?

Knowing that South Korea has in the last couple of decades developed a strong coffee and café culture scored highly on my appreciation for the country. I like coffee, coffee is the beverage of my people (wine too), coffee is my fuel, and it turns out coffee is a pretty big deal in Korea. Match made in heaven.

After noticing that Koreans seem to use the original names in (more often than not) Italian for all the coffee varieties out there I decided to explore in more detail the coffee/café culture of the country and to see if I'd successfully understand café menus without a great need to memorise local vocabulary. 98% of the items in the menu I got hold of resemble a hangeulisation of a Starbucks menu, the only native Korean (via Chinese or not is not relevant) words were only found in the tea and juice sections.

Seems like going to a café could be a good way of dealing with homesickness; that is, if I ever make it to K-shores. This particular chain also uses Brazilian coffee beans (yay!!) let's hope they roast them and make heavenly coffee just like the Portuguese do.


So here is a print screen from café bene, a coffee chain from South Korea (not sure if, as of now, they have extended their stores to the Northern People's Republic).

커피모카 - café mocha
카라멜마끼아 - caramel macchiato
카푸치노 - cappuccino
에스프레소 - espresso
화이트모카 - white mocha
아메리카노 - americano
아포가또 - affogato
카페라떼 - café latte
에스프레소콘파냐 - espresso con panna

에스프레소마끼아또 - espresso macchiato
바닐라라떼 - vanilla latte
크림카라멜라떼 - caramel latte
크림망뜨라떼 - cream ? latte
아이리쉬블루라떼 - Irish blue latte
아이스아메리카노 - Iced americano

카라멜프라페노 - caramel frappe
모카프라페노 - mocha frappe
화이트모카프라페노 - white mocha frappe no
모숫가루프라페노 - ?
그린티퍼라페노 (휘피) - green tea frappe no
초코칩프라페노 - choc chip frappeno
망뜨초코칩프라페노 - ? choc chip frappeno
플레인요거트스무디 - plain yogurt smoothie
블루베리요거트스무디 - blueberry yogurt smoothie

녹차 - green tea
잉글리쉬블랙퍼스트 - English breakfast
얼그레이 - Earl Grey
민트 - mint
캐모마일 - camomile

Strange not to see more traditional Korean teas, surely there must be a considerable number of them.

그린라떼 - green latte
아이스그린라떼 - iced green latte
밀크티라떼 - milk latte
아이스밀크티라떼 - iced milk latte
블루베리라떼 - blueberry latte
고구마라떼 - sweet potato latte (that is something I still haven't seen in Australia)
아이스고구마라떼 - iced sweet potato latte
아이스리얼초콜랏라떼 - iced real(?) chocolate latte
우유 - milk (perhaps one of my favourite words in Korean)

딸기주스 - strawberry juice
토마토주스 - tomato juice
키위생과일주스 - kiwi fruit juice
자몽주서 - grapefruit juice
오랜지생과일주스 - orange juice
홍시주스 - persimmon juice

Notice

The reason for my lack of posts and posts directly related to the textbook I have been using as the main guide for this blog relates to the fact that I have been focusing on other sources and aiming to solidify my grammar knowledge. I already found quite a lot of information that in due time I will add to existing posts.

끝

Descriptive verbs

Description verbs

Desription verbs exist because the Korean language does not have adjectives. Could this be a blessing? Let's see...

Some grammars categorise Korean verbs as either 'processive' or as 'descriptive'. Processive verbs relate to common verbs (my terms) or verbs as we know them in English, and, I suspect, most languages. These convey the idea of some sort of action, be it 'to walk', 'to talk', 'to think', etc. Descriptive verbs, also known as 'adjectival verbs' on the other hand refer to a specific conjugation or ending that aims to describe (dahhh) or explain. While in English the words 'cold' or 'interesting' exist, when used in a sentence it demands the use of a verb, usually 'to be' (however not necessarily), hence the translation "to be cold" or "to be interesting" for 추워요 and 재미 있어요 respectively. In Korean this becomes one word, or, more specifically, a descriptive verb.

First and foremost descritption verbs follow the rules of conjugation (not really conjugation but ending attachment) seen in previous verbs.

The only variable from the way the stem changes when the Polite Informal is added is when the verb stem ends in ㅂ, in this cases it changes to ㅜ followed by -어요. These verbs have been identified with (*).

	Polite Formal	Polite Informal
Statement	-ㅂ니다. -습니다.	-아요. / -어요. / 해요.
Question	-ㅂ니까? -습니까?	-아요. / -어요. / 해요.
Command	-십시오. -으십시오.	-세요. -으세요.

Some cases may however be a bit trickier, for example 줗- which becomes 줗아요 and describes something as good. Similarly, 줗아하- becomes 줗아해요 means 'to like' or the process of the subject finding or thinking that something is good.

Examples

많 plus 아요 becomes 많아요

많아요 - (to be) numerous

저워요 - (to be) few

재미 있어요 - (to be) interesting/ fun

재미 없어요 - (to be) boring

반가워요 (반갑-)* - (to be) pleased


고마워요* - (to be) thankful

어려워요* - (to be) difficult

쉬워요* - (to be) easy

더워요* - (to be) hot

추워요* - (to be) cold