Grammar Summary I

Given my highly unorganised notes and brain I need a post that compiles all the little grammar points that I have covered so far. To be continuously updated...

Interrogative pronouns

어디...? - Where?
    e.g.: 어디 가요? - Where are you going?
    Answer: 집에 가요. -  I am going home.


뭐...? - What?
    e.g.: 뭐예요? - Where is it?
    Answer: 사과예요. - It is an apple.


몇...? - How many...?
    e.g.: 몇 개 있어요?  - How many (items) are there?
            사과 몇 있어요? - How many apples are there?
    Answer: PK (counter) 있어요.
                    SK (counter) 있어요. (SK numbers used for some unit nouns)

    몇 시예요? - What time is it? (lit. How many hours...?)
    Answer: PK 시예요.
                    PK 시 SK 분이에요
Note: 몇 is always used in conjunction with a counter or unit noun. For more information on counters check here.

    몇 시간...? - For how long...? (lit. How many hours...?)
     e.g.: 하루에 몇 시간/번...? - How many hours/times a day do you...?
    Answer: 일곱 번 식사해요. - I have meals/eat seven times a day.
Note: here the difference between "몇 시...?" and "몇 시간...?" seems to be that the first seems (word repetition because I am really not sure) to be asking that time it is on the clock, exactly! "What hour is it (on the clock)?" or "How many hours/ what hour does (now) equate to?" rather than "How often (using hours or other unit of time) does something happen/ take place?" For the first the "copula" is used, for the second we use any other verb.

    오늘은 몇월며칠이에요? - What date is it today? (lit. How many months and days is it today?)
    Answer: 오늘은 (SK)팔월 (SK)십육일이에요. - Today is 17th of August.


언제...? - When...?
    e.g.: 한국어 수업이 언제 있어요? - When do you have Korean classes?    Answer:월요일하고 수요일에 있어요. - We have on Mondays and Wednesdays.


어느....? - Which/ what...?
    e.g.: 어느 나라에서 왔어요? - Which country are you from?
            어느 나라 사람이에요? - Which country is (the) person (from)?
    Answer: 호주에서 왔어요. - I am from Australia.
                   호주 사람이에요. - The person is Australian.
Note: this one is a tricky for me to make sense of because the second questions asks "which country is the person (equivalent to)?". I guess that the logic may be in the reply since the more literal translation "the person is (equivalent to that) country" also means "the person is country's (nationality)." Seems as if in Korean being an actual country and being a citizen of the said country does not carry the same distinction as in English and other European languages (at least the ones I am familiar with). The example also works with "어느 나라 말이에요? - Which country is the language (equivalent to)?" which generates the same answer as above.


어디....? - Where....?
    e.g.: 어디서 왔어요? - Where are you from?
            호주 어디서 왔어요? - Where from in Australia are you from?
    Answer: 시드니에서 왔어요. - I am from Sydney.

    e.g.: ....은/는 어디에 있어요? - Where is... located?
    Answer: 호주에 있어요. - It is (located) in Australia.
Note: could the country or place of origin (nationality) be asked this way? Instead of "어느 나라에서 왔어요?" could we have "어디에서 왔어요?" The main difference is that the nationality is not specifically mentioned, the person could be coming from the toilet, be from Australia or dreamland.




어때요? - How (is it)?


누구...? - Who...?


얼마예요? - How much is it/are they?
    e.g.: 사과 얼마예요? - How much are they apples?
            이거 얼마예요? - How much is this/are these?
    Answer: SK 원이에요.
                   PK/SK (counter)-에 SK 원어에요. - Per/each (counter) item it is (amount) won.

Adverbs

여기 - here

Demonstratives

이- - this
그- - that (near you)
저- - that (over there)
    -것/거 - thing (usually following the demonstrative)
    e.g.:이것 (or 이거) 뭐예요? - What is this (thing)?
           저거 우유예요. - That is milk.